Quick Reference
This is a quick reference list of SQL statements and what they do within the database.
| SQL Statement | Syntax |
|---|---|
| AND / OR | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition AND|OR condition |
| ALTER TABLE | ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype or ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name |
| AS (alias) | SELECT column_name AS column_alias FROM table_name or SELECT column_name FROM table_name AS table_alias |
| BETWEEN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2 |
| CREATE DATABASE | CREATE DATABASE database_name |
| CREATE TABLE | CREATE TABLE table_name ( column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, column_name3 data_type, ... ) |
| CREATE INDEX | CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) or CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) |
| CREATE VIEW | CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition |
| DELETE | DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column=some_value or DELETE FROM table_name (Note: Deletes the entire table!!) DELETE * FROM table_name (Note: Deletes the entire table!!) |
| DROP DATABASE | DROP DATABASE database_name |
| DROP INDEX | DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL Server) DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access) DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle) ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL) |
| DROP TABLE | DROP TABLE table_name |
| EXISTS | IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE id = ?) BEGIN --do what needs to be done if exists END ELSE BEGIN --do what needs to be done if not END |
| GROUP BY | SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name |
| HAVING | SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value |
| IN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,..) |
| INSERT INTO | INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....) or INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....) |
| INNER JOIN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 INNER JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
| LEFT JOIN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 LEFT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
| RIGHT JOIN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 RIGHT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
| FULL JOIN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 FULL JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
| LIKE | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern |
| ORDER BY | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC] |
| SELECT | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name |
| SELECT * | SELECT * FROM table_name |
| SELECT DISTINCT | SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name |
| SELECT INTO | SELECT * INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase] FROM old_table_name or SELECT column_name(s) INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase] FROM old_table_name |
| SELECT TOP | SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s) FROM table_name |
| TRUNCATE TABLE | TRUNCATE TABLE table_name |
| UNION | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 |
| UNION ALL | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 |
| UPDATE | UPDATE table_name SET column1=value, column2=value,... WHERE some_column=some_value |
| WHERE | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value |
SQL Notes:
- Any work being done to modify the structure of a database or delete tables or the the database itself should only be done after making a recent backup
We’d like to acknowledge that we learned a great deal of our coding from W3Schools and TutorialsPoint, borrowing heavily from their teaching process and excellent code examples. We highly recommend both sites to deepen your experience, and further your coding journey. We’re just hitting the basics here at 1SMARTchicken.